不同产地及成熟度牛油果及其油脂品质比较

分析不同产地及成熟度牛油果及其油脂理化性质,脂肪酸组成及反式脂肪酸组成。结果表明:牛油果作为水果,粗脂肪含量和粗蛋白质含量很高;不同产地及成熟度牛油果溶剂提取所得油脂理化性质和脂肪酸组成有一定的差异。研究可为进一步开发牛油果油和制定牛油果油标准提供参考。     

单一低渗透突出煤层水力冲孔工艺优化应用分析

为了有效提高单一低渗透突出煤层的瓦斯抽采效率，以高压水射流冲击理论为指导，针对平煤股份八矿己组突出煤层特征建立数值模型，模拟分析水力冲孔应力分布规律，通过现场实测分析冲孔有效影响范围，进一步优化设计冲孔参数、指导现场施工。现场应用表明，水力冲孔是一种行之有效的方法，对单一低渗透突出煤层实施水力冲孔卸压增透、提高瓦斯抽采效果具有重要意义。     

山西野生木本油脂植物资源现状分析

为掌握山西省野生木本油脂植物资源现状,采用实地踏查、试验分析和资料收集相结合的方法,对山西省内主要山地、自然保护区不同野生木本油脂植物资源的种类、分布及含油率进行全面调查统计,并用索氏提取法测定33种木本油脂植物的含油率。结果表明:山西省野生木本油脂植物共43科84属168种。目前开发利用较多的种类有翅果油树、中国沙棘、文冠果等,具有较大开发潜力的有榛属、朴属、山胡椒属、盐肤木属、卫矛属、南蛇藤属、梾木属、槭属、栾树属、野茉莉属、连翘属等。对山西省野生油脂植物的种类组成、取用部位、用途以及利用现状进行了分析,并提出保护与利用建议。     

Activated Carbon Supported CaO from Waste Shells as a Catalyst for Biodiesel Production

In the wake of increasing environmental constraints, this work is aimed at developing a catalyst purely prepared from waste biomass source as the raw material. The catalyst is investigated for its applicability in transesterification of vegetable oil with the objectives: (i) to use waste shells of mollusk as raw material for the preparation of activated carbon and CaO; (ii) to use it as heterogeneous catalyst in the transesterification of waste cooking oil; (iii) to optimize the different parameters affecting the transesterification reaction; and (iv) to study its reusability. Under optimized conditions it was observed that a conversion >90% was possible and the catalyst could be reused five times with a slight loss in activity. This study indicates that the biomass source could also be used as a potential raw material in the synthesis of environmentally benign catalysts.     

Detection of fresh palm oil adulteration with recycled cooking oil using fatty acid composition and FTIR spectral analysis

There is a growing concern over the food safety issue related to increased incidence of cooking oil adulteration with recycled cooking oil (RCO). The objective of this study was to detect fresh palm olein (FPO) adulteration with RCO using fatty acid composition (FAC) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectral analyses combined with chemometrics. RCO prepared in the laboratory was mixed with FPO in the proportion ranged from 1% to 50% (v/v) to obtain the adulterated oil samples (AO). FACs for FPO, RCO, and AO were determined using gas chromatography equipped with a flame ionization detector (GC-FID). The compositions of most fatty acids in RCO lied within the normal ranges of Codex standard, except for C8:0, C10:0, C11:0, C15:0, trans C18:1, and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), C20:5. PUFAs showed a consistent decreasing trend with increasing magnitude of change with respect to increasing adulteration level and thus might be a good indicator for detecting FPO adulteration with RCO. The evaluation parameters (coefficient of determination, root mean standard error) of the FTIR-partial least square (PLS) model of palm oil adulteration with recycled oil are R² = 0.995 and 3.25, respectively. For FTIR spectral analysis, the distinct variations in spectral regions and aberrations in characteristic bands between FPO and RCO were observed. The optimized PLS calibration model developed from normal spectral of the combined region at 3602–3398, 3016–2642, and 1845–650 cm^?1 overpredict the adulteration level. On the other hand, the discriminant analysis classification model was able to classify the FPO and AO into two distinct groups. Improvement of the principles of combined techniques in authenticating AO from fresh oil is beneficial as a guideline to detect adulteration in cooking oil.     

油封唇口温度变化对密封性能的影响

基于流量因子统计学方法建立油封唇口的混合流体润滑模型,耦合油封的能量守恒方程及黏温方程,通过迭代求解获得油封唇口的温度分布、不同转速下油封唇口的最高温度及温差变化情况;对比分析考虑和不考虑温差情况下油封各项密封性能。结果表明:随着转速的增大,唇口最高温度线性递增,而唇口温差先增大后减小;油封工作时,唇口区域的温度先迅速升高后下降,越靠近唇尖的位置温度越高;与不考虑温度的情况比较,考虑温度变化的影响时密封区域的油膜厚度减小,油膜承载力下降,不利于密封。     

火灾条件下拱顶油罐弱连接结构的失效分析

拱顶油罐受外部火焰烘烤发生失效爆炸，易造成严重人员伤亡和巨大经济损失。为对火灾条件下拱顶油罐的失效爆炸进行预警，通过高温材料力学性能实验平台对拱顶油罐弱连接结构进行破坏测试，得出不同火灾温度条件下弱连接结构失效的拉断力和应力值。实验结果表明，当温度高于300℃时，拉断力和失效应力值变化显著，其中450℃为变化峰值温度。在此基础上，构建了拱顶油罐失效压力计算模型，推导出了不同容积拱顶油罐在不同火灾温度下的失效压力。所得结果可作为拱顶油罐失效的判定依据，为油罐的爆炸预警提供数据支撑。     

生物可降解PCL/PLA开孔发泡材料制备及吸油性能

以聚己内酯（PCL）为基体，添加不同含量聚乳酸（PLA）熔融共混制备具有不同分散相形态的PCL/PLA共混物，利用超临界二氧化碳（scCO₂）微孔发泡工艺制备不同发泡倍率和开孔率的PCL/PLA多孔材料用于吸油应用。针对边长3 mm正方体样品溶解度实验发现100 min后CO₂在PCL中已达到饱和吸附状态。PLA分散相含量的增加显著增大了PCL/PLA共混物泡孔密度，并使共混泡孔尺寸减小且分布更加均匀；发泡温度升高6℃，泡孔尺寸增大50%，发泡倍率增大38%，开孔率减小了20%。PCL/PLA开孔材料具有明显的亲油疏水性，发泡倍率越高，疏水性越好；针对花生油和硅油的吸油实验发现材料吸油率与发泡倍率和开孔率整体呈正比，实际吸油量高于理论计算值，10次循环吸油测试后样品吸油率仅降低8.5%，材料吸油量与油品特性黏度关系不大。